Millennium Communications Systems Limited (MCSL)  
 

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CDMA RF Engineering

This course is intended to provide participants with sound understanding of key characteristics of radio channel, signal propagation, capacity and link budget engineering, and issues related to designing a CDMA or WCDMA radio network. It provides an in depth coverage on the issues related to CDMA and WCDMA radio planning, and is divided into 4 sections. Section 1 discusses on Shannon’s theorem, basic probability functions and multipath analysis in the radio channel. Section 2 outlines CDMA forward and reverse link capacity calculations and analysis. Trunking theory and blocking mechanism are also covered. Section 3 deals with issues surrounding the mobile radio environment, various propagation models and types of fading mechanism. Section 4 is dedicated to link budget calculations and analysis, steps in designing the radio network. Lastly, Section 5 discusses on active devices that can be used to enhance the link budget of a CDMA system.

Who should Attend Class Size 10-15 Participants

The course is designed for engineers and technical professionals requiring an intermediate level of understanding of the cdma2000 system and air interface.
The course is designed for experienced RF engineers and telecommunication professionals requiring a good understanding of CDMA and WCDMA radio engineering fundamentals. It also serves as a prerequisite for the WCDMA Radio Network Design course.
 

 
Pre-requisite Knowledge Duration 3 days (21) hours

Participants should have some cellular radio background, and preferably with some knowledge on RF and Digital Communications.

   

Course Outline    
  • Background (2HR)
  • Course Overview.
  • Spread Spectrum – Shannon Capacity Theorem
  • Multipath in the Radio Channel
  • Basic Probability Theory – Conditional Probability and Independence, Handoff Gain, Distribution Functions, Density Function, Poisson Distribution, Exponential Density, Gaussian Density, Q(X) Table, Cell Edge Confidence, Mean and Variance, Rayleigh Density

 

   
  • Capacity and Traffic Engineering (3HR)
  • Reverse Link Capacity Calculations – Capacity Definitions, CDMA Reverse Link, Capacity Estimate, Interference Modifications, Capacity Calculations, Reverse Link Pole Capacity, Eb/No Requirements Vs Mobile Speed, Capacity vs Other Cell Loading, Capacity vs Propagation Law
  • Forward Link Calculations – CDMA Forward Link, Forward Link Capacity, Capacity Calculations, Forward Link Analysis, Effect of Handoffs
  • Trunking Theory – Erlang B Table, Erlang Capacity, Blocking Mechanism in CDMA, Multi-Frequency CDMA System
   
  • Mobile Radio Environment (5HR)
  • Mobile Radio Environment – Radio Environment, Ground Reflection Model, Two Ray Model, Diffraction, Knife Edge Diffraction, Diffraction Gain, Scattering Delay, Free Space Propagation Models
  • Antennas – Monopole And Dipole Antennas, Gain, EiRP and ERP, Radiation Pattern, Beamwidth, Polarization, Sidelobe Suppression, Null Fill, Cross-Polar Discrimination, Important Selection Criteria For CDMA Networks
  • Propagation Models – Free Space, Statistical Path Loss, Okumura-Hata And COST Hata Models, COST Walfish-Ikegami Model. Location Area Probability, Cell Range, Indoor Propagation Models
  • Small Scale Fading – Channel Behaviour in PCS Band, Multipath Due To Reflection, Multipath Channel Rake Receiver, Diversity, Multipath Signal Combining, Factors Influencing Small Scale Fading, Types of Small Scale Fading, Time Delay Spread, Doppler Spread, Level Crossing and Fading Statistics
   
  • Network Planning & Link Budget (5HR)
  • Network Planning Overview – CDMA Network Planning Categories, Initial System Planning
  • Link Budget Overview, Power Budget Calculations
  • WCDMA Link Budget, Eb/No, Processing Gain, Interference Margin, Soft Handover MDC Gain, Slow and Fast Fading, Fast Fading Margin, Soft Handover Gain, DL Peak To Average Ratio, Link Budget Sensitivity
  • Link Budget Parameter Values – System Capacity Parameters, System Coverage Parameters, Link Characteristics Parameters, BTS Parameters, MS Parameters
  • Capacity Analysis – Capacity Requirements, Capacity Limiting Factors, Steps in CDMA Analysis, Sectorization and Effects on Capacity, Soft Handoff, Erlangs and Blocking in CDMA, Steps in Network Planning, Morphology Definition, Capacity Enhancements, Microcells, Distributed Antenna Systems
  • CDMA Network Overlay Over Non-CDMA – Issues To Be Considered, Frequency Coordination and Zone Planning
  • Reverse Link Analysis – Link Budget, Reverse Link Analysis, Reverse Link Parameters, Percentage of Coverage Area, Reverse Link Budget
  • Forward Link Analysis – Initial Coverage Analysis, Forward Link Budget
  • CDMA Cell Radius
   
  • Enhancing The Link Budget (5HR)
  • Tower-Mounted Amplifiers (TMA) – TMA Components, Benefits of TMA System, Review of Noise Figure, Link Balance with TMA
  • Tower-Mounted Boosters (TMB) – TMB Components, Benefits of TMB System, Link Balance with TMB
  • Base Station Boosters – System Components, Intermodulation Analysis, Single-Carrier Power Amplifiers (SSPA) and Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA)
   
  • Course Review and Discussions