The is an advanced course targeted at new WCDMA operators or existing GSM operators who want to be equipped with a sound knowledge in the principles and practical considerations of 3G inbuilding  system design. System integrators seeking to have an in depth knowledge of WCDMA radio planning and optimization for inbuilding systems will also find the course beneficial.
 

Participants should have some Mathematics, Statistical Analysis, RF Design and Digital Communication background. Practical RF working knowledge of GSM system and 2G inbuilding design are essential.

Quiz and Review : 0.5 day (4 hours)

• Introduction and Overview (0.5HR)

• CDMA Wireless Technology (2HR)

• Multiple Access Approaches, From 2G to 3G, Multiple Access Applications, Shannon’s theorem and Channel Capacity.
• Code Correlation - Orthogonality and Correlation of Signals, Optimum Receivers, DS Spread Spectrum System, Cellular CDMA, Code Correlation.
• PN and Gold Codes, Auto-correlation and Cross Correlation properties, Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (SSMA) Using PN Codes, SSMA PN Code Planning
• Walsh Codes, Orthogonal Data Channelisation, Orthogonal Codes, Orthogonal CDMA:
• Summary, Cellular CDMA (SSMA + OC), Cellular CDMA Code Layering

• WCDMA UMTS-FDD (3HR)

• 3GPP Standardization - Wireless Standards Landscape, Wide-Area Wireless Network Standards Landscape, Why 3G and UMTS? What is 3GPP? 3GPP Timeline
• UMTS Overview - Radio Access, Network Elements and Spectrum, Basic UMTS Features, UMTS Spectrum, UMTS Network Architecture, UMTS Network Elements Acronyms
• Multiple Access, Channelisation and Scrambling Codes - UMTS & GSM Network Planning, Differences between WCDMA & GSM, WCDMA Technology, CDMA Principles, Spreading & Processing Gain, Despreading, Multiple Access with CDMA, Channelisation Codes in UMTS, DL & UL Channalisation Codes, Complex Scrambling in UMTS, Channelisation and Scrambling Codes, Inter-Code Interference
• Rake Receiver - Wireless Channel Characteristics, Multipath and Rake Receiver, Scrambling Codes & Multipath Propagation, Multipath Fading, Multipath Diversity, Temporal Diversity, Rake Receiver.
• Power Control - CDMA Reception Issues,
  Open Loop Power Control, Closed Loop Power Control, Outer Loop, CDMA Power Control.
• Soft Handover - Inter-Cell Interference, Handoff Methods, Soft Handoff Advantages, CDMA Without Soft Handover, CDMA Soft Handover, Soft Handover and Micro-Diversity, Micro Diversity in the RNC, Soft Handover and Macro-Diversity, Soft Handover Procedures in UMTS, CDMA with Soft Handover, Cell Breathing, Softer Handover, Types of Handover

• WCDMA Link Budget (4HR)

• What’s New in WCDMA Radio Network Planning, WCDMA Cell Range (Reverse Link), Impact of Uncertainties to Cell Capacity, Coverage and Capacity Improvement in WCDMA
• Terminology – Nth, No, Nt, Io, Ior, Isc, Ioc, Ec, Ec/Ior, Eb, Eb/Nt, Required Eb/Nt
• WCDMA Link Budget (UL) - UE Transmitted Power, Noise Power (UL), Required Ec/No, Required Ec/Io, Processing Gain, Interference Margin, Macro Diversity Combining (MDC) Gain, Soft Handover MDC Gain, Required Signal Power, Slow Fading (Log-Normal Fading), Soft Handover Gain (Slow Fading Margin), Fast Fading, Power Control Headroom (Fast Fading Margin), Other Losses.
• WCDMA Link Budget (DL) – Peak to Average Ratio, Relationship Between DL Coverage and Capacity.
  System Specific Parameters Values, Link Characteristic Parameter, BTS and Mobile Station Parameters
• Building Penetration Tradeoffs – Building Penetration Loss and Consequences, Pilot Pollution inside buildings, Indoor System or Outdoor to Indoor

• WCDMA Indoor Capacity (3.5HR)

• Radio Access Bearers in Release 5
• Capacity Gain and Coverage Approach, Pole Capacity of Donor Cell, Other Cell Interference vs Path Loss Exponent, Pole Capacity when repeating Indoors, Uplink Capacity vs Load, Downlink Loading.
• Repeaters vs Microcells for Indoor Application, Estimating Capacity Requirements
• Circuit Switched Dimensioning - Traffic Engineering Terminology, Soft and Softer Handovers, Erlangs to Traffic Channels, Voice Capacity Analysis.
• Packet Switched Data Dimensioning – Packet Call, Packet Throughput, Best Effort Channel Requirement, Maximum cell load.
• Dimensioning Example. WCDMA Dimensioning Flow to meet Coverage and Capacity Requirements

• WCDMA Capacity and Coverage (2.5HR)

• Coverage and Capacity Planning -
  Load Calculation, Inter-Cell Interference and Little i, Cell Loading and Interference Margin, UL Interference Margin, DL Interference Margin and Propagation Characteristics, Coverage vs. Capacity, UL & DL Load Comparison, Issues affecting Capacity, Typical DL Common Channel Power Levels, Maximum Path Loss vs. Number of Users, Throughout for Different Services, Effect of Little i, Effect of Speed, DL Throughput vs. DL Load, Effect of Asymmetry Factor, Effect of Node B Tx Power, Hard and Soft Capacity, Capacity Division Between Controllable and Non-Controllable Traffic, Interference Overview, Scrambling Code Planning, Backhaul Dimensioning Issues
• Coverage and Capacity Improvement - Coverage vs. Capacity, Coverage Improvement Alternatives, UL Receive Antenna Diversity and Antenna Arrangements, DL Receive Antenna Diversity, DL Open Loop Transmit Antenna Diversity, Antenna Diversity SINR Comparison. Sectorization, Sectorization and Capacity Increase, Inter-Sector Interference, Load Balancing and Sectorization. Introduction of New Carrier

• In-Building Design Basics (2HR)

• In-Building Design Trends, In-Building Distribution Technologies, Marketplace Solutions, Building Types
• Approach to In-Building Systems, Distributed Antennas, Radiating Cable, Radiating Cable vs Antenna, Hybrid Solution, Installation
• Passive vs Active Network, Coaxial vs Fiber Systems
• Typical In-building System, Multi Service Combiners (POI), Front End Combiner, Fiber Equipment and Back End POI
• Approaches to Implement Coverage Solutions - Coverage and Capacity Requirements, High Capacity & Small Coverage Applications, High Capacity & Large Coverage Applications, Low Capacity & Large Coverage Applications, Low Capacity & Small Coverage Applications
• Case studies

• Indoor Propagation Modeling (1.5HR)

• Mobile Propagation Characteristics, Basic Propagation Mechanisms, Free Space Propagation Model,
• Indoor Propagation Models
  Non-site-specific models - Log-Distance Model, Distance Dependant Exponent, FSL + Linear Loss, Linear Loss Model, Non-Site-Specific Model Comparison
  Site-specific models - Keenan-Motley Model, Wall and Partition Loss Values, Floor Attenuation Factor, Modified Keenan-Motley Model.
• Multipath (Fast) Fading, Log-Normal Shadowing, Q(x) Table, Cell edge confidence. Cell Edge and Area Reliability. Test transmitter, Computing the Mean and Standard Deviation.
• Other Losses, Indoor Link Budget

• Indoor System Design (3HR)

• Input Data for Design, System Design Considerations, Establish Design Parameters, Evaluate Alternative Designs
• Single and Multi-operator Cable System, Multi Operator and Dual Cable System, RF Coverage Estimation and Design Goal
• Typical Link Budget Design Example, Other Coverage Considerations
• Types of Signal Source, Off-Air Repeater Solution, Optical Repeater Solution, Comparison of Signal Source Solutions
• Passive DAS and Optical Antenna, Comparison of Optical Antenna and Passive DAS
• Antenna Placement strategies
• Noise in Passive and Active Systems, Uplink and Downlink Dynamic Range, Link Budget Comparison between GSM and WCDMA.
• Uplink Amplifier Design Considerations, Noise Figure, NF in Cascade Amplifier Stages, Receiver Sensitivity and Noise Figure, Amplifier Gain and Noise Level, Uplink Noise Summing, Optimum Amplifier Placement, Gain and Noise Figure of Repeaters
• Performance comparison of Active Antenna and Hybrid DAS Systems

• Occurrence of Intermodulation and Harmonics, Spectrum of IM Products, 3rd Order IM Products, 1dB Compression and  3rd Order Intercept Points.
• Passive Intermodulation Products, Physical Causes of Intermod
• Intermod computation for multiple carriers, C/I calculator,
• Single-carrier Power Amplifier (SCPA) and Multi-carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA), SCPA versus MCPA, Selection Criteria for MCPA, Comparison of various MCPA systems
• Intermodulation Avoidance in GSM and WCDMA Bands
• Multiple Technology C/I requirements
• Interference Rejection Filters

• WCDMA and GSM Co-location (2.5HR)

• Node B and UE Interference - Out of band emission and Spurious emission, Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR), Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) and Receiver Blocking, Adjacent Channel Interference power Ratio (ACIR)
• Interference Issues – Thermal Noise, Impact of Noise Rise on WCDMA Network, Spurious Emission from GSM, WCDMA Receiver Blocking, Spurious Emission from WCDMA, GSM Receiver Blocking, Intermodulation and Harmonics, Interference between GSM and WCDMA, Interference between WCDMA and WCDMA.
• Near Far Effect in WCDMA, Adjacent Channel Interference Scenarios
• Achieving Isolation Requirements, Outdoor Antenna Site Configurations, Indoor Combining Requirements

• RF Background, Facts of CDMA and WCDMA, Hard Capacity Limit, Soft Capacity Limit. CPICH Power Planning, CPICH Ec/Io,
• RF Repeaters in CDMA Systems, Thermal Noise Power, Uplink Noise Level, Impact of UL Noise on Donor Cell & Repeater Coverage Areas, UL & DL Gain Setting, Two Sources of DL Transmission Power, Repeaters for UMTS
• Repeaters – Types of repeaters, Repeater block diagrams, Typical Specifications, Relationship with Gain and Noise Figure.
• Installing a UMTS Repeater – Repeater usage guidelines, Repeater setup guidelines, Signal and Signal-to-noise ratio, Derating for multiple carriers, Link balancing, Design examples.
• Indoor Repeater DAS Link Budget
  Downlink considerations – Output Power, Interference from Other Cells, Mobile Receiver Noise, CPICH Ec/Io, CPICH Transmission Loss, Fade Margin, CPICH Maximum Allowable Path Loss.
  Uplink considerations – Receiver Noise, Interference from Other UEs, Diversity Issues, Required SNR, Maximum Allowable Path Loss, Soft handover

• Radiating Cable Solutions (2HR)

• Indoor Coverage using Leaky Cables, Normal vs Leaky Cables, Coupled and Radiating Mode Cable
• Basic Parameters, Loss Calculations, Downlink and Uplink.
• Longitudinal Loss, Effects of Cable Mounting Position on Longitudinal Loss
• Coupling Loss, Overall Cable Loss, Other Losses Considerations, Leaky Cables for Broadband Operation
• Improved Coverage by Centre Feed, Basic Configuration - Passive and Active System, Typical System Configuration, Bypass Systems
• Leaky Feeder Design for Tunnel Coverage, Factors Affecting Cable Length
• Link Budget Design Examples for large projects

• Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic Wave, Electric Field & Power Density
• Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE), ICNIRP Standard, Safe Distance computation.
• Sample link budget with MPE

• Repeater Spectrum Management and Capacity, handin and Handout
• Cell Reselection – Intra-frequency Parameters, Suitability and Ranking, Effect of Treselection, Use of Hysteresis vs Reselection Timer.
• Cell Reselection – Inter-frequency and Inter-RAT, Soft, Softer and Hard Handover
• Intra-Frequency Measurement and Reporting (Events 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f)
• Inter-Frequency Measurement and Reporting (Events 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f)
• Inter-RAT Measurement and Reporting
• Repeaters in Same-Cell and New-Cell Transitions

• Micro-Cell Basic Features, Micro- and Macro-Cell Hierarchical Structures, DL Pilot Power in Micro- and Macro-Cells, Outdoor UL Edge Coverage for Different Numbers of Users, Indoor Base Stations with Exclusive Carrier, Adjacent Carrier Interference.
• Microcells for Indoor Application, Microcell Spectrum Management, Microcells and Scrambling Code Planning, Indoor Required Eb/Nt, DCH Eb/Nt without Soft Handover. Cell geometry and Mobility Effects, Multipath Effects, DAS Uplink Noise Factor.
• Uplink and Downlink Budget for Indoor Microcells
• LA/RA/URA and LAC/RAC/RNC considerations.

• Antenna Tilting, Remote Electrical Tilt
• Tower Mounted Low Noise Amplifiers (TMAs), Effects on Link Budget
• Remote RF Heads (RRHs), Tower Top LNA and RRH Capacity and Coverage Improvements (Upper Bound),
• Tower Mounted Boosters, Capacity Improvement with TMB

• Indoor Projects Deployment Motivation, Mobile Usage, User Perspective, Indoor Coverage from Outdoor Macro Layer, Indoor Projects deployment Motivation, Marketing and Sales Perspectives
• Differences between UMTS and GSM Optimization - Technology, Decodable Signal Levels, Capacity and Coverage, Mobility, Power Control, Planning and Optimization, Dimension of GSM and UMTS Dedicated Projects
• Coexistence between Indoor Dedicated Coverage and Outdoor sites, Interference Between GSM and UMTS, Interferences Between UMTS and UMTS, Dependency of Respective Planning & Optimization
• Comparing Different Technology Options For Meeting Indoor Coverage and Capacity Demands in 3G Networks
• UMTS Indoor Planning, The Basic Rule, 3G RF Channel, UMTS Planning, UMTS vs. GSM Planning, UMTS Indoor Planning

• Summary and Conclusion (1HR)

• Indoor Design Steps, In-building Propagation, Building Penetration, Design Tradeoffs, Tools, Recipe for Indoor Success

• Quiz & Review (1HR)